German Shepherds are known for their intelligence, loyalty, and versatility. Bred to herd sheep and protect livestock, they’re hardy dogs with a strong work ethic. If you’re considering bringing a German Shepherd into your life, you might wonder, “Can a German Shepherd live outside?” The answer isn’t a simple yes or no. Let’s explore the factors to consider when deciding whether to house your German Shepherd indoors or outdoors.
The German Shepherd’s Heritage: An Outdoor Worker
Originally, German Shepherds were bred to work outdoors, herding sheep and guarding property. Their thick double coat helps them tolerate a range of temperatures, making them seemingly well-suited for outdoor living. However, while they can handle being outside for extended periods, there’s more to consider than just their physical capabilities.
The Social and Emotional Needs of a German Shepherd
German Shepherds are more than just outdoor workers; they’re deeply social animals who thrive on companionship. They bond strongly with their families and need regular interaction to stay happy and well-adjusted.
- Companionship is Key: Leaving a German Shepherd alone outside for too long can lead to loneliness, which can manifest in destructive behaviors like excessive barking, digging, and even attempts to escape.
- Bonding with Family: German Shepherds rely heavily on their bond with their family members. They are people-oriented dogs that were bred for their devotion. If they aren’t around their family a lot, they likely won’t develop this relationship. A German Shepherd that isn’t devoted to their family probably won’t be a well-behaved one.
- Pack Animals: When you get a shepherd, you are adding a new member to your pack. You wouldn’t leave your kids out all night long, would you? Sending them outside is unhealthy.
The Impact of Isolation
While a German Shepherd can survive outside, doing so can negatively impact their mental and emotional well-being.
- Mental Health: Even if they survive physically, it is really going to screw with them mentally if you send them out the back door each night.
- Behavioral Issues: Without sufficient interaction and mental stimulation, German Shepherds can become bored, anxious, and even aggressive.
Environmental Factors: Providing a Safe Outdoor Space
If your German Shepherd spends a significant amount of time outdoors, it’s crucial to provide a safe and comfortable environment:
- Adequate Shelter: A sturdy, insulated doghouse is essential to protect your dog from the elements. It should be elevated off the ground to stay dry and warm. The shelter should be big enough for your dog to move around comfortably but small enough to keep them cozy.
- Temperature Extremes: German Shepherds are vulnerable to extreme weather conditions. In winter, they can get frostbite or hypothermia if it’s too cold. In summer, they risk heatstroke if it’s too hot. If you live somewhere with extreme temperatures, you’ll need to bring your German Shepherd inside during those times to keep them safe and healthy.
- Access to Fresh Water: Always provide access to fresh, clean water, especially during warm weather.
- Secure Fencing: A secure fence is necessary to prevent your dog from escaping and to protect them from other animals.
Health Risks of Outdoor Living
Dogs that spend a lot of time outside are more susceptible to certain health risks:
- Parasites: Fleas and ticks are more prevalent in outdoor environments. Regular preventive care is essential.
- Injuries: Outdoor dogs are at a higher risk of getting into fights with other animals or sustaining injuries.
- Regular Vet Check-ups: Regular vet check-ups and preventive care are essential if your dog spends a lot of time outside.
Exercise and Mental Stimulation: Essential for Outdoor German Shepherds
German Shepherds are active dogs who need plenty of exercise and mental stimulation.
- Regular Walks and Playtime: They aren’t happy just sitting in a yard all day. They need regular walks, playtime, and training to keep their minds and bodies active.
- Engaging Activities: Keeping them engaged will make them happier and healthier. If your dog has to be outside for long periods, make sure they have plenty of toys and things to keep them busy. Even better, spend as much time as you can with them outside.
- Energy Release: Exercise levels depend on the dog but expect to be walking this dog daily or giving it a thorough workout every 48hrs, at least throughout the “teen years” (until they are about 3 years old). They have a certain amount of energy that must physically leave their body. It WILL leave their body one way or another; if it leaves in a healthy manner or not is the human’s responsibility.
German Shepherd Puppies: Never an Outdoor Dog
It is not recommended for a German Shepherd puppy to sleep outside.
- Body Temperature: Puppies are not good at regulating their body temperature. The temperature changes and drafts outside can be potentially dangerous for German Shepherds younger than six months of age.
- Crate Training: Every dog should be crate appropriately trained – especially very large dogs like German Shepherds. This can be difficult to do if your canine is sleeping outside. It is best to crate train them at a young age, which would include them sleeping inside.
- Diseases: Puppies are more susceptible to diseases.
The Verdict: Can a German Shepherd Live Outside?
Technically, yes, a German Shepherd can live outside, but it’s not ideal for most dogs. They can enjoy time outside, but they should be part of the family and spend plenty of time indoors, too.
- Not an Outdoor Dog: In other words, no, a GSD should not be an “outdoor dog”. Rescues will not let GSDs go home with you if the dog will not be indoors, nor will any responsible breeder. They are a pack member, and sending them outside is unhealthy.
- 50% Rule: German Shepherds shouldn’t spend more than 50% of the time outside. When they’re puppies, they should spend even less time outside by themselves – as they need extra socialization.
Alternatives to Full-Time Outdoor Living
If you’re unable to keep your German Shepherd indoors full-time, consider these alternatives:
- Designated Outdoor Time: Allow your dog to spend time outside during the day, but bring them indoors at night.
- Doggy Daycare: Doggy daycare provides socialization and mental stimulation for dogs who spend long hours alone.
- Dog Walkers: Hire a dog walker to provide exercise and companionship during the day.
Conclusion
While German Shepherds are physically capable of living outdoors, their social and emotional needs make them better suited for indoor living. If you choose to house your German Shepherd outdoors, be prepared to provide adequate shelter, exercise, mental stimulation, and plenty of attention. Remember, a happy and well-adjusted German Shepherd is one who feels like a member of the family.