If you have a passing interest in dogs, you might think that the German Shepherd and the Alsatian are two completely different breeds. They share similar characteristics: a domed forehead, a long muzzle, and large, erect ears. Both can come in various colors, but the most common is black and tan with a black “saddle” across the back. So, what exactly sets them apart? The answer might surprise you: there’s no difference at all. The divergence in names arose from anti-German sentiment after World War I.
The Origin of the confusion
The German Shepherd breed is relatively recent, with origins tracing back to 1899. In 1891, the Phylax Society was formed to standardize dog breeds in Germany. Although the venture was short-lived, it inspired breeders to pursue standardization independently.
Max Von Stephanitz, a key figure in the breed’s development, purchased a dog named Horand at a show and founded the Society for the German Shepherd Dog. Horand was registered as the first German Shepherd and became central to many breeding efforts, siring pups with desirable traits from dogs across Germany. Von Stephanitz’s vision and leadership are widely credited with creating the breed. The English name ‘German Shepherd Dog’ is a direct translation of Deutscher Schäferhund, reflecting the breed’s original purpose of herding sheep.
The “Alsatian” Alias
German Shepherds were first introduced to Britain in 1908 and were accepted for registration by The Kennel Club in 1919. However, after World War I, the word “German” was thought to negatively impact the breed’s popularity due to anti-German sentiment. As a result, The Kennel Club renamed the breed “Alsatian Wolf Dog,” later shortening it to “Alsatian”. This name stuck until 1977, when a campaign successfully persuaded The Kennel Club to allow them to be registered as German Shepherds once again.
What’s in a Name?
Today, both names are used somewhat interchangeably, but “German Shepherd” is more common worldwide. The term “Alsatian” is sometimes perceived as an exotic breed simply because it is less commonly heard. Regardless of the name, these dogs share the same physical characteristics, temperament, and health concerns.
Key Characteristics of German Shepherds
- Intelligence: German Shepherds are known for their high intelligence, making them highly trainable.
- Athleticism: They possess a strong and athletic build, requiring regular exercise.
- Versatility: German Shepherds excel in various roles, including herding, guarding, and serving as police or military dogs.
- Loyalty: They are loyal and devoted companions, forming strong bonds with their families.
Distinguishing Features
- Size: Medium to large-sized dogs, typically over 20 inches in height.
- Weight: Generally between 75 to 95 pounds when fully grown.
- Coat: Commonly black and tan with a black “saddle,” but can also be all black, all white, blue, sable, or liver.
- Lifespan: Typically 10-14 years.
Temperament and Trainability
German Shepherds are intelligent, eager to please, and highly trainable. Their loyalty and protective nature make them excellent family dogs, although early socialization is crucial to ensure they are well-behaved around strangers and other animals. They require consistent training and mental stimulation to prevent boredom and potential behavioral issues.
Potential Health Concerns
Like all breeds, German Shepherds are prone to certain health issues, including:
- Hip and elbow dysplasia
- Bloat
- Degenerative myelopathy
The Final Verdict
The Alsatian and the German Shepherd are, in fact, the same breed. The name “Alsatian” arose from historical circumstances but does not denote a different type of dog. Whether you call them German Shepherds or Alsatians, these dogs are intelligent, loyal, and versatile companions who make wonderful family pets.