Have you ever been captivated by the striking appearance of a German Shepherd, with its noble bearing and intelligent eyes? Or perhaps you’ve heard whispers of the “Alsatian,” a dog breed shrouded in a bit of mystery? If you’re like many, you might wonder: are these two different breeds, or are they one and the same?
The answer might surprise you: the Alsatian and the German Shepherd are indeed the same breed. The divergence in names is a result of historical events rather than distinct breed characteristics. Let’s delve into the fascinating story behind these dogs, exploring their origins, traits, and the reasons for their dual identity.
A Brief Overview
Both German Shepherds and Alsatians are known for their intelligence, athleticism, and trainability. They are medium-to-large dogs with a lifespan of 10 to 14 years, requiring regular exercise and mental stimulation. Regardless of the name, these dogs share identical physical characteristics, temperament, and health concerns.
The Origin of the German Shepherd
The German Shepherd breed is relatively recent, with its origins tracing back to 1899. In the late 19th century, Max Von Stephanitz, a former cavalry officer, sought to standardize dog breeds in Germany. He acquired a dog named Horand, who became the foundation of the breed. Von Stephanitz is widely credited with creating the German Shepherd, with the goal of producing a herding dog with intelligence, strength, and loyalty. The English name ‘German Shepherd Dog’ is a direct translation of Deutscher Schäferhund.
These qualities soon made the breed popular for police and military work. German Shepherds were first introduced to Britain in 1908. The Kennel Club recognized the breed in 1919, registering 54 dogs.
The “Alsatian” Alias: A Name Born of War
So, if they’re both the same breed, why the two different names? The answer lies in the aftermath of World War I. Anti-German sentiment was high, especially in the UK and the US. The direct English translation of its name was used for the official breed registry, but at the end of World War I, it was thought that the inclusion of the word ‘German’ would harm its popularity. To protect the breed from prejudice, the Kennel Club in the UK renamed the German Shepherd to “Alsatian Wolf Dog,” later shortening it to “Alsatian”. The name “Alsatian” was derived from the Alsace region of France, bordering Germany.
This name change was a strategic move to ensure the breed’s survival and popularity during a turbulent time. The name remained until a campaign succeeded in persuading the Kennel Club to allow them to be registered as German Shepherds once again from 1977.
What to Call Them?
Today, both names are used, but “German Shepherd” is more common worldwide. In the United States, “Alsatian” might even be perceived as an exotic breed, unfamiliar to many.
Physical Characteristics
German Shepherds, or Alsatians, are easily recognizable. Males typically stand between 24 to 26 inches tall, while females are slightly smaller, ranging from 22 to 24 inches. Their weight usually falls between 50 and 90 pounds.
Their coats are generally dense and short, though some may have a long-haired trait. The most common coat colors are black and tan, with a black “saddle” across the back. Other color variations include all black, all white, blue, and sable. However, The Kennel Club considers blue and liver coats serious faults, and all white coats are grounds for instant disqualification. They have black noses, brown eyes, and large, erect ears.
Temperament and Trainability
German Shepherds/Alsatians are known for their intelligence and friendly disposition. Their high intelligence makes them one of the easiest breeds to train. They are often employed in police forces and by firefighters due to their trainability and protective instincts.
However, they can become aggressive if not properly socialized. These dogs need plenty of exercise and mental stimulation to prevent boredom, which can lead to destructive behavior.
Health and Lifespan
German Shepherds/Alsatians typically live for 10 to 14 years. They are prone to certain health conditions, including hip dysplasia, degenerative myelopathy, and Von Willebrand’s disease. Regular check-ups and a healthy lifestyle can help manage these conditions and extend their lifespan.
A Rose by Any Other Name
Whether you call them German Shepherds or Alsatians, these dogs remain one of the most beloved and versatile breeds in the world. Their intelligence, loyalty, and striking appearance have made them popular as family pets, working dogs, and companions. Understanding the history behind their names only adds to the appreciation of this magnificent breed.